![]() ![]() Such substances are considered IR-active. Hence, carbon dioxide has four degrees of vibration, while sulfur dioxide has three.Īs the energy difference between rotational levels and vibrational levels is so small in chemical compounds, bonds with a definite dipole moment absorb infrared rays. For a linear molecule, these are 3N-5, while in the CO 2 are of the non-linear molecule, they are 3N-6.Ĭarbon dioxide (CO 2) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2), for example, are both polyatomic molecules with three atoms. Vibrational degrees of freedom are different for linear and non-linear molecules. The interactions of IR with the molecules can be explained by the change in dipole moments associated with it.Ī polyatomic molecule with N atoms must have 3N degrees of freedom in total.įor example, a molecule with three atoms has nine degrees of freedom. There are six types of vibration usually encountered in IR spectroscopy: Molecular vibrations to Infrared radiations
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